Aquarium 101: Setting up an Aquarium

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Setting up an Aquarium:

Setting up an aquarium for the first time can be a daunting task. We've done our best to provide as many details as possible here, but you should always consult your local aquarium shop (not Pet Store. Most chain pet stores that aren't dedicated to aquatic pets don't have the knowledge or experience required to properly keep fish, let alone guide a beginner on these topics).
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What do I need to set up an aquarium?

To get started on setting up an aquarium, you'll need a few things. We've made the following list in order of most to least important (in our professional opinion), but feel free to check off this list in any order.

1. Decide on the Fish You Want to Keep

‍ The type of fish you choose will determine the equipment and water parameters required. While it's okay to set up your aquarium first, keep in mind that your equipment and water chemistry will limit your options. For inspiration, explore the Fish Portfolio or browse your local fish store.

2. Choose the Perfect Location

Select a stable, safe location for your aquarium

Ensure there’s enough space for equipment and easy access for maintenance.
Keep the tank away from direct sunlight, air/heating vents, and areas of heavy traffic.
The stand must support the tank's full weight and be sturdy enough to prevent tipping.

3. Pick the Right Tank Size

The size of your tank should match the needs of your chosen fish. A larger tank is generally easier to maintain and more forgiving for beginners. Check the Fish Portfolio or consult your local fish store for advice.

4. Select an Appropriate Filter

The filter should be suited to the tank size and fish bioload. Different filters work best for different setups (e.g., sponge filters for shrimp, canisters for larger tanks). See Aquarium 101: Filtration for more specifics, but your local fish store can help you decide the best options.

5. Choose a Substrate

Gravel, sand, or soil are the most common choices. While aesthetics often guide this decision, some fish and plants require specific substrates. Check the Fish Portfolio, Plant Portfolio, or consult your local fish store for recommendations.

6. Add Live Plants (If Possible)

Live plants provide numerous benefits, from improving water quality to creating a natural aesthetic. Some plants require fertilization, CO2, or specialized lighting. Check the Plant Portfolio or consult your local fish store for guidance.

7. Select Your Hardscape

Hardscape elements like rocks, driftwood, or synthetic ornaments enhance the tank’s look and provide hiding spots for fish. Ensure all items are aquarium-safe. For tips, see Choosing Your Hardscape or ask your local fish store.

8. Heater and Thermometer (If Needed)

Many tropical fish require a stable water temperature between 24–27°C. Invest in an adjustable heater and a reliable thermometer to monitor the temperature.

9. Lighting

Good-quality lighting brings out the colours of your fish and helps plants thrive. Choose lighting that meets the needs of your tank's inhabitants and plants.

10. Water Conditioners

Use a chlorine neutraliser and any necessary GH/KH buffers to ensure your water parameters match the needs of your chosen fish species. For details, see the Water Chemistry section.

11. Water Test Kits

Water test kits allow you to keep an eye on the chemical parameters of your tank,

11. Cleaning Equipment

Essential tools include siphon hoses for water changes, buckets for tank use only, nets for handling fish, and scrapers or pads for cleaning glass. We'll cover these tools in more detail later.

How do I set up a tank?

Step 1: Plan Your Aquarium

Decide on Fish: Research the species you want to keep. This will help you choose the right tank size, equipment, and water parameters. Check out the Fish Portfolio or visit your local fish store for ideas.
Choose a Location:
- Place the tank away from direct sunlight, air vents, and heavy traffic.
- Ensure the stand is sturdy and can handle the full weight of the tank when filled with water (approx. 1 litre of water = 1 kg).
- Leave enough space around the tank for equipment and maintenance.

Step 2: Gather Your Equipment

Aquarium tank (at least 30 litres for beginners).
Filter appropriate for your tank size.
Heater (for tropical tanks) and thermometer.
Substrate (gravel, sand, or soil).
Lighting suitable for fish and/or plants.
Water conditioner to remove chlorine.
Water test kit (to monitor ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and pH).
Decorations (rocks, driftwood, or synthetic ornaments). See Aquarium 101: Choosing Your Hardscape for more details.
Live or artificial plants - we recommend live plants due to their numerous benefits to the aquarium, but understand that they may not suit your needs.
Cleaning tools: siphon hose, bucket, and net.

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Step 3: Set Up the Tank

Clean the Tank: Rinse the tank with water (no soap or chemicals). If needed, you can use a soft cloth and vinegar to clean it thoroughly before rinsing well. Wipe it dry with a clean cloth.
Add Substrate: Rinse the substrate thoroughly to remove dust. Do not rinse aquasoil, as it can create a mess. Add 2–5 cm of substrate to the tank base. See "Aquarium 201: Advanced Substrate Layering" for specialty advice.
Place Decorations and Hardscape:
- Arrange rocks, driftwood, or ornaments in a way that provides hiding places for fish. Leave enough space around decorations for equipment like heaters and filters to fit properly.
- Ensure all items are aquarium-safe and stable to prevent accidents.
Install Equipment:
- Position the filter, heater, and thermometer but do not turn them on yet.
- Attach lights to the tank hood or frame.

Step 4: Fill the Tank

Place a plate, bowl, or even the bag the substrate came in on the substrate to diffuse the flow and prevent disturbance.
Slowly fill the tank with dechlorinated water, or add dechlorinator as you fill. Ensure the tank isn't filled too high—3–5 cm below the rim is ideal, or lower if you don't have a lid. Add GH and KH Buffer as appropriate for your fish and plants. See Aquarium 101: Water Chemistry for specific details.
Turn on the heater and filter, and let the tank run for 24–48 hours to ensure everything is working properly.

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Step 5: Cycle the Tank

Add a small source of ammonia, such as pure ammonia drops, fish food, or a cycling aid.
Test the water daily to monitor ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate levels.
Wait until ammonia and nitrite drop to 0 ppm, and nitrate becomes detectable (this can take 2–6 weeks).

Step 6: Add Fish

See Aquarium 101: Acclimating Your Fish for detailed instructions.

Float the bag containing your fish in the tank for 15–20 minutes to equalise temperature.
Open the bag and gradually add tank water to it over 30 minutes.
Use a net to gently transfer the fish into the tank. Ensure you don't mix the bag water with tank water.
Add only a few fish at a time to avoid overloading the biological filter.

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Step 7: Maintain Your Aquarium

Perform weekly water changes (20–30% of the tank volume).
Test water parameters regularly.
Clean the filter as needed (rinse media in tank water, not tap water).
Feed your fish sparingly to avoid overfeeding and water quality issues.

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Congratulations! You’ve set up your first aquarium. Withregular care and attention, your tank will become a thriving ecosystem. Ifyou’re ready to explore advanced topics, check out Aquarium 201 for tips onaquascaping, advanced filtration, and specialised fish care.

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